Equine Lameness

References

Scientific books, book sections and review Papers we recommend for further study:

Back, W. and H. M. Clayton (2013). Equine Locomotion, 2nd edition. London, Saunders.

Clayton, H. M (2004). The Dynamic Horse – A Biomechanical Guide to Equine Movement and Performance. Sport Horse Publications.

Denoix, J. M. (2014). Biomechanics and Physical Training of the Horse. CRC Press.

Keegan, K. G. (2011). Gait Analysis for the Quantification of Lameness. In: Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in Horses, editors M. W. Ross and S. J. Dyson, Elsevier Saunders.

Keegan, K. G. (2007). Evidence-based lameness detection and quantification. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 23, 403-23.

Kramer, J. and K. G. Keegan (2004). Kinematics of lameness. in: Equine sports medicine and surgery: basic and clinical sciences of the equine athlete, editors K. W. Hinchcliff, A. J. Kaneps, R. J. Geor and W. Bayly. London, Saunders: 231-246.

Weishaupt, M. A. (2008). Adaptation Strategies of Horses with Lameness. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 24, 79-100.

Clinical books we recommend for further study:

Baxter, G. M. (2011). Adams’ and Stashak’s Lameness in Horses. Wiley-Blackwell.

Ross, M. W. and Dyson, S. J. (2011). Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in Horses. St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier Saunders.

Wyn-Jones, G. (1988). Equine Lameness. Blackwell Scientific Publications.

References (largely scientific research papers) for the 'Scientific Background' section:

Audigie, F., Pourcelot, P., Degueurce, C., Geiger, D., Denoix, J. M., 2002. Fourier analysis of trunk displacements: a method to identify the lame limb in trotting horses. J Biomech 35, 1173-82.

Barrey, E., Desbrosse, F., 1996. Lameness detection using an accelerometric device. Pferdeheilkunde 12, 617-622.

Barrey, E., Hermelin, M., Vaudelin, J. L., Poirel, D., Valette, J. P., 1994. Utilisation of an accelerometric device in equine gait analysis. Equine Veterinary Journal 26, 7-12.

Biewener, A. A. 2003. Animal Locomotion, New York, Oxford University Press.

Buchner, F., Kastner, J., Girtler, D., Knezevic, P. F., 1993. Quantification of hind limb lameness in the horse. Acta Anat (Basel) 146, 196-9.

Buchner, H. H., Savelberg, H. H., Schamhardt, H. C., Barneveld, A., 1996a. Head and trunk movement adaptations in horses with experimentally induced fore- or hindlimb lameness. Equine Vet J 28, 71-6.

Buchner, H. H., Savelberg, H. H., Schamhardt, H. C., Barneveld, A., 1996b. Limb movement adaptations in horses with experimentally induced fore- or hindlimb lameness. Equine Vet J 28, 63-70.

Buchner, H. H. F., Obermüller, S., Scheidl, M., 2001. Body centre of mass movement in the lame horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 33, 122-127.

Christovão, F. G., Barros, R. M. L., Martins, C. B., Silva, M. a. G., Freitas, E. V. V., Lacerda Neto, J. C., Queiroz-Neto, A., 2007. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of head and limb movements of lame and non-lame colts. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 4, 31-36.

Church, E. E., Walker, A. M., Wilson, A. M., Pfau, T., 2009. Evaluation of discriminant analysis based on dorsoventral symmetry indices to quantify hindlimb lameness during over ground locomotion in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 41, 304-308.

Clayton, H. M., 1987. Cinematographic analysis of the gait of lame horses III: Fracture of the third carpal bone. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 7, 130-135.

Faber, M., Johnston, C., Schamhardt, H., Van Weeren, R., Roepstorff, L., Barneveld, A., 2001a. Basic three-dimensional kinematics of the vertebral column of horses trotting on a treadmill. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62, 757-764.

Faber, M., Johnston, C., Weeren, P. R., Barneveld, A., 2002. Repeatability of back kinematics in horses during treadmill locomotion. Equine Veterinary Journal 34, 235-241.

Faber, M., Schamhardt, H., Van Weeren, R., Barneveld, A., 2001b. Methodology and validity of assessing kinematics of the thoracolumbar vertebral column in horses on the basis of skin-fixated markers. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62, 301-6.

Faber, M., Schamhardt, H., Van Weeren, R., Johnston, C., Roepstorff, L., Barneveld, A., 2000. Basic three-dimensional kinematics of the vertebral column of horses walking on a treadmill. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61, 399-406.

Faber, M. J., Schamhardt, H. C., Van Weeren, P. R., 1999. Determination of 3D spinal kinematics without defining a local vertebral coordinate system. Journal of Biomechanics 32, 1355-1358.

Goff, L., Van Weeren, P. R., Jeffcott, L., Condie, P., Mcgowan, C., 2010. Quantification of equine sacral and iliac motion during gait: A comparison between motion capture with skin-mounted and bone-fixated sensors. Equine Veterinary Journal 42, 468-474.

Goff, L. M., Jeffcott, L. B., Jasiewicz, J., Mcgowan, C. M., 2008. Structural and biomechanical aspects of equine sacroiliac joint function and their relationship to clinical disease. The Veterinary Journal 176, 281-293.

Gomez-Alvarez, C. B. G., Bobbert, M. F., Lamers, L., Johnston, C., Back, W., Van Weeren, P. R., 2008. The effect of induced hindlimb lameness on thoracolumbar kinematics during treadmill locomotion. Equine Veterinary Journal 40, 147-152.

Halling Thomsen, M., Tolver Jensen, A., Sorensen, H., Lindegaard, C., Haubro Andersen, P., 2010. Symmetry indices based on accelerometric data in trotting horses. J Biomech 43, 2608-12.

Hildebrand, M., 1965. Symmetrical gaits of horses. Science 150, 701-8.

Ishihara, A., Bertone, A. L., Rajala-Schultz, P. J., 2005. Association between subjective lameness grade and kinetic gait parameters in horses with experimentally induced forelimb lameness. American Journal of Veterinary Research 66, 1805-1815.

Keegan, K. G., 2007. Evidence-based lameness detection and quantification. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 23, 403-23.

Keegan, K. G. 2011. Gait Analysis for the Quantification of Lameness. In: Ross, M. W. & Dyson, S. J. (eds.) Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in Horses. Elsevier Saunders.

Keegan, K. G., Arafat, S., Skubic, M., Wilson, D. A., Kramer, J., 2003. Detection of lameness and determination of the affected forelimb in horses by use of continuous wavelet transformation and neural network classification of kinematic data. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64, 1376-1381.

Keegan, K. G., Pai, P. F., Wilson, D. A., Smith, B. K., 2001. Signal decomposition method of evaluating head movement to measure induced forelimb lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill. Equine Veterinary Journal 33, 446-451.

Keegan, K. G., Wilson, D. A., Smith, B. K., Wilson, D. J., 2000. Changes in kinematic variables observed during pressure-induced forelimb lameness in adult horses trotting on a treadmill. Am J Vet Res 61, 612-9.

Keegan, K. G., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, D. A., Frankeny, R. L., Loch, W. E., Smith, B., 1997. Effects of anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves on kinematic gait analysis in horses with and without navicular disease. Am J Vet Res 58, 218-23.

Keegan, K. G., Yonezawa, Y., Pai, P. F., Wilson, D. A., Kramer, J., 2004. Evaluation of a sensor-based system of motion analysis for detection and quantification of forelimb and hind limb lameness in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 65, 665-670.

Kramer, J., Keegan, K. G. 2004. Kinematics of lameness. In: Hinchcliff, K. W., Kaneps, A. J., Geor, R. J. & Bayly, W. (eds.) Equine sports medicine and surgery : basic and clinical sciences of the equine athlete. London: Saunders.

Kramer, J., Keegan, K. G., Kelmer, G., Wilson, D. A., 2004. Objective determination of pelvic movement during hind limb lameness by use of a signal decomposition method and pelvic height differences. American Journal of Veterinary Research 65, 741-747.

Kramer, J., Keegan, K. G., Wilson, D. A., Smith, B. K., Wilson, D. J., 2000. Kinematics of the hind limb in trotting horses after induced lameness of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints and intra-articular administration of anesthetic. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61, 1031-1036.

May, S. A., Wyn-Jones, G., 1987. Identification of hindleg lameness. Equine Vet J 19, 185-8.

Merkens, H. W., Schamhardt, H. C., Hartman, W., Kersjes, A. W., 1986. Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch Warmblood horses at normal walk. Equine Vet J 18, 207-14.

Merkens, H. W., Schamhardt, H. C., Van Osch, G. J., Van Den Bogert, A. J., 1993. Ground reaction force patterns of Dutch warmblood horses at normal trot. Equine Vet J 25, 134-7.

Peham, C., Licka, T., Girtler, D., Scheidl, M., 1999. Supporting forelimb lameness: clinical judgement vs. computerised symmetry measurement. Equine Vet J 31, 417-21.

Peham, C., Licka, T., Girtler, D., Scheidl, M., 2001. Hindlimb lameness: clinical judgement versus computerised symmetry measurement. Vet Rec 148, 750-2.

Peham, C., Licka, T., Mayr, A., Scheidl, M., 2000. Individual speed dependency of forelimb lameness in trotting horses. Vet J 160, 135-8.

Peham, C., Scheidl, M., Licka, T., 1996. A method of signal processing in motion analysis of the trotting horse. J Biomech 29, 1111-4.

Peloso, J. G., Stick, J. A., Soutas-Little, R. W., Caron, J. C., Decamp, C. E., Leach, D. H., 1993. Computer-assisted three-dimensional gait analysis of amphotericin-induced carpal lameness in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, 1535-43.

Pfau, T., Robilliard, J. J., Weller, R., Jespers, K., Eliashar, E., Wilson, A. M., 2007. Assessment of mild hindlimb lameness during over ground locomotion using linear discriminant analysis of inertial sensor data. Equine Veterinary Journal 39, 407-413.

Starke, S.D., May, S.A. and Pfau, T. (2015): Understanding hind limb lameness signs in horses using simple rigid body mechanics. Journal of Biomechanics 48, 3323-3331.

Starke, S. D., Raistrick, K. J., May, S. A. and Pfau, T. (2013): The effect of trotting speed on the evaluation of subtle lameness in horses. The Veterinary Journal 197, 245-252.

Uhlir, C., Licka, T., Kubber, P., Peham, C., Scheidl, M., Girtler, D., 1997. Compensatory movements of horses with a stance phase lameness. Equine Vet J Suppl 23 29, 102-5.

Vorstenbosch, M. a. T. M., Buchner, H. H. F., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., Schamhardt, H. C., Barneveld, A., 1997. Modeling study of compensatory head movements in lame horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, 713-718.

Weishaupt, M. A., 2008. Adaptation Strategies of Horses with Lameness. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 24, 79-100.

Weishaupt, M. A., Wiestner, T., Hogg, H. P., Jordan, P., Auer, J. A., 2006. Compensatory load redistribution of horses with induced weight-bearing forelimb lameness trotting on a treadmill. The Veterinary Journal 171, 135-146.